← henryfudge.com ← COMMON ← briefings Policy Briefing · 17 Spring 2026 · v0.1
§ Policy Briefing · 17

Climate, Environment, Water, and Marine.

Nationalising water. Restoring rivers. Managing the transition.

Strategic Positioning.

The climate and environment platform rests on three principles that distinguish Common from every other UK political party:

Principle one: Environmental policy is industrial policy. Every wind turbine we need is a wind turbine British factories could be building. Every solar farm component, every battery, every heat pump, every grid-scale storage unit represents either imported manufacturing deficit or domestic industrial opportunity. Net zero delivered through Chinese imports is fiscal expenditure. Net zero delivered through British manufacturing is fiscal investment. We choose the second.

Principle two: Fiscal discipline on net zero, not ideological commitment. Where transition measures deliver obvious benefits (energy security, industrial employment, export opportunity, air quality), proceed with confidence. Where measures deliver marginal climate benefit at disproportionate cost (small-scale retrofit subsidies, electric vehicle mandate on schedules that outpace supply chains, heat pump installation targets divorced from housing stock realities), reform or defer. This is not climate scepticism; it is climate seriousness.

Principle three: Environmental stewardship is a conservative value, properly understood. Clean rivers, functional ecosystems, sustainable fisheries, productive farmland, resilient coastlines: these are the inheritance we receive and the inheritance we owe to those who come after. The destruction of British rivers by privatised water companies is a moral failure as much as an environmental one. Restoration is not radical politics; it is common decency applied to the physical country.

Net Zero: The Industrial Approach.

The Commitment.

The UK's statutory net zero by 2050 target is retained. The pathway is reformulated around industrial opportunity.

Fundamental reframe: net zero is not a cost we pay. It is a transition we manage, and the question is whether we manage it such that British industry benefits or such that Chinese industry benefits. Every pound we spend on imported renewable energy equipment is a pound we have not spent building British manufacturing capacity. Net zero delivered through industrial policy is cheaper than net zero delivered through imports, and generates lasting national wealth.

Manufacturing the Transition.

Wind turbines: Airbus Broughton (Wales) converted to wind turbine manufacturing at industrial scale, as flagged in Productive Britain. Offshore wind manufacturing cluster expanded across the East Coast (Humber, Teesside, Tyne) with specific industrial policy anchor. Onshore component manufacturing capability developed. Export market targeted: UK becomes a wind turbine exporter, not importer.

Solar: UK solar PV manufacturing capability developed from current near-zero base. Partnership model with existing European manufacturers (Meyer Burger, etc.) accelerates timeline. Modest scale initially (2-3 GW/year capacity by Y10) but strategic sovereignty and regional employment.

Batteries: Britishvolt failure not repeated. Strategic backing for Nissan Sunderland battery facility, Jaguar Somerset facility, new facilities as commercial interest emerges. UK battery manufacturing capacity target: 100 GWh/year by Y10. Sufficient for UK automotive transition and grid storage needs.

Heat pumps: UK heat pump manufacturing developed from current imports-dominated position. Particularly important given housing stock retrofit implications: scale requires domestic manufacturing.

Grid infrastructure: cable manufacturing (already strong: Prysmian, Nexans), substation equipment, transformer capability. Nationalised National Grid uses UK-sourced equipment as procurement preference.

EV components: motor manufacturing, power electronics, battery management systems. Existing automotive supply chain redirects to EV components.

Industrial policy linkage: all of the above are subsumed within the broader Productive Britain industrial programme. The defence-anchored derisking narrative applies here too: state demand for renewable energy equipment stabilises private investment in manufacturing capability.

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.

Commitment: UK Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced, aligned with EU CBAM under ESEP framework.

Purpose: level playing field for UK carbon-intensive industries against imports from jurisdictions with weaker climate policies. Without CBAM, domestic climate policy simply offshores emissions to China, India, Russia: no global benefit, substantial UK deindustrialisation.

Scope: steel, cement, aluminium, fertiliser, hydrogen initially. Expansion to chemicals, basic materials, and eventually finished goods over 10 years.

Revenue: approximately £2-3bn/year by Y10, hypothecated to industrial decarbonisation support.

Strategic benefit: enables UK to maintain competitive domestic production in carbon-intensive sectors during transition. Steel manufacturing at Port Talbot, Scunthorpe, Teesside all benefit directly.

What We Are Pragmatic About.

Fossil fuel licensing: managed decline, no new fields (as committed in energy briefing). But existing production and infrastructure retained for duration of their economic lives. North Sea production declining naturally; accelerated shutdown would be fiscally wasteful and industrially damaging.

Petrol and diesel vehicle ban: Y10 (2036) target retained but flexibility on implementation. Plug-in hybrids recognised as transition technology beyond pure BEV mandate where supply chain is not ready. UK auto industry not sacrificed to arbitrary timelines.

Gas heating transition: heat pump rollout accelerated but not mandated on unrealistic timelines. New build standards prioritised (easier, cheaper). Retrofit support targeted rather than universal. Hydrogen for heating remains flagged as unproven and not subsidised beyond industrial applications.

Aviation decarbonisation: sustainable aviation fuel industry developed (as flagged in transport briefing) as industrial opportunity. No punitive aviation taxes beyond existing APD. Direct passenger rail alternatives (ESEP sleeper network, Manchester-Paris direct) reduce demand naturally.

Agriculture emissions: reduction pursued through productivity improvement, not herd culling. Livestock farming remains economically viable under reformed ELM. Soil carbon sequestration incentivised. Methane reduction via feed additive deployment (already technologically viable).

Air Quality.

Urban air quality is treated as a public health priority distinct from carbon:

  • Clean Air Zones supported where cities choose them, with practical enforcement
  • Diesel vehicle scrappage targeted at polluting stock in poorest areas
  • Wood-burning stove regulation tightened in urban areas
  • Construction site emissions standards enforced
  • Indoor air quality addressed via building standards

This matters because air pollution kills ~30,000 UK people per year. Addressing it is a first-order policy priority regardless of climate considerations.

Water: Nationalisation and Pollution.

The Scale of the Failure.

UK water privatisation (1989) is one of the most catastrophic policy failures of the last forty years. The numbers are extraordinary:

  • Water companies have paid out ~£78bn in dividends since privatisation while accumulating ~£60bn in debt
  • Infrastructure investment has lagged consistently below what is required for system stewardship
  • Sewage discharges to rivers and seas reached 3.6 million hours in 2023: a system-level failure
  • Only 14% of English rivers are classified as "good ecological status"
  • Every single English river is polluted by some combination of sewage, agricultural runoff, or industrial discharge
  • Water bills have risen 40%+ in real terms while service has degraded
  • Thames Water is effectively insolvent; others in precarious financial position

This is not a failure of regulation. It is a failure of the ownership model. Privatised monopolies extracting dividends from essential infrastructure cannot deliver adequate stewardship. The experiment has run for 35 years and has failed definitively.

The Commitment.

Water industry renationalisation: structured, staged, and strict on pollution.

Mechanism

  • Water companies brought into public ownership via Special Administration or structured acquisition at reformed valuations
  • Valuation approach: regulated asset value minus accumulated under-investment, debt position honestly assessed. Thames Water precedent already indicates structured administration route is viable.
  • No overpayment to dividend-extracting shareholders. The industry has paid out £78bn in dividends over 35 years. Shareholders have been rewarded for failure; they will not be rewarded for the end of that failure.
  • New public water authority structure: national strategic coordination, regional operational delivery, independent regulator maintained.

Timeline

  • Y1: legislation for structured acquisition framework
  • Y2-Y3: companies brought into public ownership in sequence
  • Y4-Y5: operational integration, investment programme acceleration
  • Y6+: reformed sector operational

Cost: depends on valuation approach. Realistic range £20-40bn over 5 years, financed via dedicated water infrastructure gilts. Against this sits the asset base, eliminated dividend outflow, and elimination of debt servicing costs that currently consume 40%+ of water company revenue.

Pollution Standards.

Absolute commitment: strictly no pollution standards for nationalised water industry.

Mechanisms

  • Zero untreated sewage discharge target by Y5, with narrow force majeure exceptions for genuinely extreme weather events
  • Real-time public monitoring of every discharge point
  • Criminal liability for water company executives personally where discharge targets systematically missed
  • £20bn capital investment programme Y1-Y10 for sewage infrastructure upgrade
  • Combined sewer overflow elimination programme prioritised
  • Sewage Treatment Plant modernisation
  • Rainwater management and SUDS (sustainable urban drainage) required on all new development

Agricultural pollution addressed in parallel:

  • Farm pollution enforcement strengthened (currently under-resourced and weakly enforced)
  • Nutrient neutrality framework for new development properly functional
  • ELM incentives for pollution reduction (nutrient management, buffer strips, wetland creation)
  • Pesticide regulation reviewed (particularly neonicotinoids and other pollinator-damaging compounds)

Water Supply and Drought Resilience.

Beyond pollution, the water system faces supply challenges:

  • Last major UK reservoir completed in 1992. Population has grown ~20% since.
  • Leakage remains scandalously high (~20% of water supply lost)
  • Drought risk increasing with climate change

Commitments

  • New reservoir programme: 3 major reservoirs planned or accelerated by Y5
  • Water transfer infrastructure between regions strengthened
  • Desalination capacity developed for coastal regions under severe drought risk
  • Leakage reduction target: 50% reduction by Y10 (from current levels)
  • Water efficiency standards in building regulations tightened

Cost: £10bn capital over 10 years, within nationalised water company investment programme.

Marine and Fisheries.

The Problem.

North Sea and UK fisheries have been mismanaged for decades. Brexit created an opportunity that has been squandered:

  • UK fleet has declined substantially in capacity and profitability
  • Fish stocks remain under pressure despite post-Brexit quota changes
  • Enforcement against illegal fishing is under-resourced
  • Scientific assessment capacity has weakened
  • UK fishing ports lack infrastructure compared to European competitors
  • UK-caught fish still predominantly exported, UK consumers eating imports
  • Conflict between fishing industry, conservation, and recreational interests unresolved

Brexit handed the UK theoretical control of its Exclusive Economic Zone but the UK has not been capable of exercising that control effectively. Common's position recognises this failure and addresses it through genuine fishing sector renewal combined with sustainable stewardship.

The ESEP Fisheries Partnership.

Under ESEP (covered in the Nuclear Umbrella and ESEP briefing), UK-EU fisheries relationship is reformulated around shared North Sea stewardship rather than annual quota battles.

Framework

  • Joint North Sea Fisheries Management Authority (UK-EU-Norway-Faroes)
  • Multi-year quota setting based on scientific assessment
  • Shared enforcement and monitoring (including VMS tracking, at-sea inspection)
  • Agreed rules on discards, minimum sizes, gear restrictions, closed areas
  • Revenue-sharing for certain shared stocks

UK benefit

  • Predictable multi-year quotas for UK fleet (enabling investment planning)
  • Stronger enforcement against illegal foreign fishing in UK EEZ
  • Access to European fisheries for UK vessels (particularly important for Scottish and South West fleets)
  • Joint investment in stock recovery for depleted species
  • Reduced cost of enforcement and monitoring through shared infrastructure

UK fleet measures

  • UK fishing fleet modernisation programme: £500m over 5 years for vessel upgrades, fuel efficiency, sustainability technology
  • UK fishing port infrastructure investment: £200m for key ports (Peterhead, Plymouth, Newlyn, Fraserburgh, Brixham, Lowestoft)
  • UK fish processing industry expansion: targeted support for higher-value processing rather than raw export
  • UK consumer market development: "British fish for British tables" campaign addressing the bizarre current situation where UK exports much of its catch and imports much of what it consumes

Marine Protected Areas.

Commitment: Marine Protected Area network strengthened and genuinely enforced.

  • Highly Protected Marine Areas expanded to 10% of UK waters by Y10
  • Bottom trawling banned in all designated MPAs (currently permitted in most)
  • Enforcement properly resourced (current enforcement is a national joke)
  • Fisheries co-management with marine conservation interests
  • Cetacean and seabird protection integrated

Coastal Communities.

Coastal communities have been among the most economically damaged by the decline of fishing and other marine industries. Specific interventions:

  • Levelling up investment prioritised for coastal communities
  • Coastal infrastructure renewal (piers, harbours, flood defence)
  • Marine energy industrial cluster development (offshore wind maintenance, tidal, wave)
  • Coastal tourism supported with proper infrastructure
  • Housing commitment explicitly includes coastal regeneration areas

Nature and Biodiversity.

The UK's Nature Deficit.

The UK is one of the most nature-depleted countries in the world:

  • 41% of UK species have declined since 1970
  • 1 in 6 species are at risk of extinction
  • Hedgerow loss since 1950 estimated at 50%+ of historical network
  • Ancient woodland cover under 2.5% of UK land
  • Wildflower meadow loss since 1930s: 97%
  • Peatland degradation affects 80% of UK peatlands

Commitments.

Nature recovery as a national priority alongside climate:

  • Legally binding nature recovery targets (continuing commitment from Environment Act 2021 but with stronger enforcement)
  • 30% of UK land and sea protected for nature by 2030 (international "30 by 30" commitment honoured)
  • Peatland restoration programme: £500m over 10 years
  • Hedgerow network restoration via ELM
  • Ancient woodland protection strengthened
  • Species recovery programmes for critically endangered UK species
  • River restoration linked to water industry nationalisation
  • Urban nature: green roof requirements in new development, urban tree planting programme

Agricultural nature stewardship:

  • ELM (Environmental Land Management) properly funded at £3bn/year (restoring funding after Conservative reductions)
  • Nature-friendly farming incentives properly structured
  • Payment for ecosystem services approach strengthened

Land Ownership and Access.

The UK has extraordinarily concentrated land ownership: approximately 1% of the population owns 50% of England. This is a genuine structural issue with environmental, economic, and social consequences.

Measured intervention:

  • Land ownership transparency register (following Registered Social Landlords model)
  • Large landowner environmental stewardship requirements
  • Right to Roam extended to match Scottish provisions in England and Wales (current English access rights are anomalously restrictive)
  • Community right to buy (Scottish model) available across UK

This is a moderate position. The large-landowner political community is influential and attacking them directly would be strategic error. But transparency, access, and stewardship requirements are defensible on their own merits and chip away at the structural problem without frontal political confrontation.

Costs Summary.

Revenue commitments.

ItemY5Y10
Environmental Land Management programme£3bn£3bn
Air quality programmes£0.4bn£0.5bn
Marine enforcement and management£0.2bn£0.2bn
Nature recovery operating costs£0.3bn£0.3bn
TOTAL REVENUE£3.9bn£4.0bn

Capital commitments.

ItemY5 cumulativeY10 cumulative
Water industry acquisition£30bn£35bn
Water infrastructure investment£10bn£20bn
Peatland and nature restoration£0.3bn£0.5bn
New reservoir programme£3bn£8bn
Fishing fleet and port modernisation£0.7bn£0.7bn
Renewable energy manufacturing support£2bn£4bn
TOTAL CAPITAL£46bn£68.2bn

Revenue offsets.

ItemY5Y10
CBAM receipts£1.5bn£2.5bn
Water industry surplus (post nationalisation)£0.5bn£1.5bn
ELM reallocation (within existing envelope)£0£0
TOTAL OFFSETS£2.0bn£4.0bn

Net fiscal position.

Revenue net cost: £1.9bn Y5, £0 Y10 (broadly self-funding by Y10)

Capital: substantial but against productive asset base (water infrastructure, reservoirs, renewable manufacturing capacity)

Fiscal integration: absorbs within existing platform envelope. Water nationalisation is the largest single element and is financed via dedicated water infrastructure gilts. The asset creation is substantial and matches the borrowing.

Strategic Framing.

To climate-concerned voters: "We will deliver net zero. We will restore British rivers. We will rebuild British nature. But we will do these things through British industry, British ownership, British stewardship — not through Chinese imports and privatised extraction. This is serious climate policy, not gesture politics."

To climate-sceptical voters: "Climate policy that pays for itself. Factories making windmills. British manufacturing recovery. Clean rivers because we own the water companies. Energy security through domestic production. Net zero where it makes fiscal sense, reformed where it doesn't. This is not ideology. This is competence."

To water bill payers: "The people who took £78 billion in dividends from your water bills while dumping sewage in your rivers will not be thanked. They will be replaced. Water nationalised. Pollution eliminated. Bills stabilised. Investment in the infrastructure that should have been funded decades ago."

To farmers: "Environmental Land Management properly funded at £3 billion per year. Stewardship payments for what you actually deliver. Not destruction of farming for climate policy. Real partnership between productive farming and environmental restoration."

To fishermen: "Genuine control of British waters through strengthened enforcement. Predictable multi-year quotas enabling investment. Fleet modernisation support. Port infrastructure investment. Processing industry development. British fish for British tables. All of this enabled by ESEP partnership that makes shared stewardship actually work."

To manufacturers: "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism ensuring British steel, cement, chemicals can compete against imports from jurisdictions with weaker climate policy. Subsidised decarbonisation where genuinely needed. Industrial strategy for the transition. You will not be sacrificed."

To coastal communities: "Coastal infrastructure renewed. Marine industrial cluster development. Housing commitment including coastal regeneration. Levelling up investment prioritised. The communities that the sea made will not be abandoned."

COMMON
Policy Briefing · 17 · v0.1
A country held in common.